Effect of exposure to etidronic acid on the bond strength of calcium silicate-based cements after 1 and 21 days: an in vitro study.

BACKGROUND: After reparation of root perforations with calcium silicate-based cements (CSBC), the surface of the material is expected to be exposed to root canal irrigants (RCI) while resuming the root canal treatment. METHODS: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of exposure to a mixture of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and etidronic acid (HEBP) or other irrigants on the Push Out Bond Strength (POBS) of CSBC after two different setting times. 240 root slices 1 mm thick were obtained from single-rooted human teeth. A 1.4 mm diameter perforation was performed on each slice and filled with Biodentine (BD) or ProRoot MTA (PMTA). After 1 or 21 days they were exposed to 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 5.25% NaOCl, a mixture of 5.25% NaOCl and 9% HEBP (NaOCl + HEBP) or saline (n = 15) and submitted to a push-out test. POBS results were analysed with ANOVA and Tukey tests. RESULTS: BD showed higher POBS than PMTA after 1 day (p < .05). After 21 days no differences were found between materials. After 1 day exposure to NaOCl + HEBP resulted in higher POBS, compared to the other irrigants (p < .05). CONCLUSION: POBS results are influenced by the cement, the setting time and the exposure to irrigants.

Effect of exposure to root canal irrigants on the push-out bond strength of calcium silicate-based cements.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the push-out bond strength (POBS) of three calcium silicate-based cements (CSBC) after exposure to saline, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and a mixture of NaOCl and etidronic acid (NaOCl+HEBP) in simulated perforation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 180 dentin slices were perforated and then filled with either Biodentine (BD), ProRoot MTA (PMTA), or Total Fill (TF). After 1 week, specimens in each group were divided into 4 subgroups (n = 15) according to the root canal irrigant (RCI) that their coronal surface was exposed to: saline, 5.25% NaOCl, 17% EDTA, or a mixture of 5.25% NaOCl and 9% HEBP (NaOCl+HEBP). A push-out test was performed, and the failure pattern was assessed. POBS data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests and the failure patterns with chi-square test. RESULTS: No differences were found when comparing the effect of RCI on the POBS of PMTA. BD showed significantly higher POBS values after exposure to NaOCl+HEBP (p < .05), and those of TF were significantly lower after exposure to EDTA (p < .05). No differences in the failure patterns were found among groups. CONCLUSION: NaOCl+HEBP had no detrimental effect on the POBS of CSBC. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The mixture of sodium hypochlorite and etidronic acid may be considered as an alternative irrigant when treating root perforations.

Anestesia en la endodoncia de molares y premolares mandibulares con pulpitis aguda irreversible. Recomendaciones clínicas. Hacia una revisión sistemática / Anesthesia in the endodontic treatment of mandibular molars and premolars with acute irreversible pulpitis. Clinical recommendations. Towards to a systematic approach

Objetivo. El propósito de este trabajo es revisar el estado de la anestesia local odontológica en los pacientes con pulpitis aguda en los dientes posteriores mandibulares, para conocer los métodos más eficaces para lograr su anestesia antes del tratamiento endodóntico. Material y método. Se ha realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica de los ensayos clínicos sobre la eficacia de bloqueos mandibulares en pulpitis agudas de molares y premolares inferiores publicados desde el año 1987 hasta 2015. Resultados. La administración de un cartucho de 1,8 mL de la solución estándar de Lidocaína 2% con Adrenalina 1:100.000 (L- 100) o 1:80.000 (L-80), empleando la técnica de bloqueo mandibular, solo es efectiva en el 30% de los casos. En el caso de administrar dos cartuchos anestésicos, la eficacia aumenta al 45%. Si se administra un cartucho de 1,8 mL de Articaína 4% con adrenalina 1:100.000 (A-100) la eficacia es del 40% y, en el caso de administrar dos cartuchos, la eficacia aumenta hasta un 70%. Si se prescribe un antiinflamatorio no esteroideo (AINE) al paciente una hora antes de la intervención y se administra un cartucho de 1,8 mL de solución estándar L-80 o L-100, el porcentaje de casos con éxito alcanza el 55%. En el caso de prescribir paracetamol una hora antes, la eficacia se reduce al 50%. Si tras haber realizado el bloqueo mandibular con L-80 o L-100 se hace un refuerzo vestibular con otros 1,8 mL de A-100, la eficacia es del 65% y si se realiza un bloqueo mandibular de 1,8 mL de A-100 y refuerzo vestibular con otros 1,8 mL de A-100 la eficacia es del 85%. Conclusiones. Se recomienda la toma de AINES una hora antes de la intervención, efectuar un bloqueo mandibular con 3,6 mL deA-100 y refuerzo por vestibular con 1,8 mL deA-100 (AU)

Aim. The purpose of this paper is to review the state of the dental local anesthesia in patients with acute irreversible pulpitis in mandibular posterior teeth, to find out the most effective methods to achieve anesthesia prior to the endodontic treatment. Materials and methods. A literature review was conducted searching for clinical trials on the efficacy of the mandibular block technique in lower molars and premolars with acute irreversible pulpitis, published from 1987 to 2015. Results. The administration of one cartridge of 1,8 mL standard solution of Lidocaine 2% with Adrenalin 1:100.000 (L-100) or 1:80.000 (L-80) with the mandibular block technique is only effective in 30% of the cases. If administering two cartridges, the effectiveness increases to 45%. One cartridge of 1,8 mL Articaine 4% with Adrenalin 1:100.000 (A-100) is effective in 40% of the cases, increasing to 70% when adding a second cartridge. If prescribing a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) one hour before the treatment and injecting one cartridge of 1,8 mL standard solution L-80 or L-100, the percentage of successfully anesthetized cases reaches 55%. In case of prescribing acetaminophen one hour before treatment, the efficacy is reduced to 50%. If following the mandibular block technique with L-80 or L-100, a buccal reinforcement is made with 1,8 mL A-100, the effectiveness is 65%. If such blockage is made with 1,8 mL of A-100 and the buccal reinforcement with 1,8 mL A-100, the effectiveness is 85%. Conclusion. The recommendations to achieve the highest effectiveness of anesthesia are taking NSAIDs one hour before treatment and performing a mandibular block technique with 3,6 mL of A-100 and buccal reinforcement with 1,8 mL of A- 100 (AU)

Mechanical properties and ultrastructural characteristics of a glass fiber-reinforced composite.

PURPOSE: To examine the ultrastructural characteristics of a fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) and its behavior in vitro as a framework for fixed partial dentures (FPDs). METHODS: A total of 40 specimens were prepared using extracted teeth fixed in methacrylate blocks as supports for the FPD, then the specimens were divided into four groups depending on whether a retaining box was used to fix the FPD to the support teeth, and on whether a composite pontic was assembled on top of the fibers. Fracture testing was performed in a universal testing machine (1 mm/minute). Fracture strength values and failure types were statistically compared for each group. RESULTS: Using retaining boxes did not improve the mechanical behavior of the restorative system. The weakest element of the system was the composite tooth constructed on top of the FRC.

Estudio comparativo de la capacidad de fluir entre distintos materiales de obturación en conductos laterales artificiales mediante la técnica System B / Comparative analysis of the flow capacity among different obturation materials in artificial lateral canals by means of the System B technique

Introducción y objetivo: El objetivo del presente trabajo es comparar la penetración de distintas marcas comerciales de gutapercha así como de Resilón® en los conductos laterales mediante el uso de la técnica de ola continua (System B).Material y métodos: Se han seleccionado bloques de resina con conductos principales simulados, teniendo cada uno un conducto lateral coronal y otro apical. Un tercer conducto lateral ha sido realizado entre los anteriores, con el fin de sustituir al apical. Un cono de gutapercha( Roeko®, Sybron Endo® y Maillefer®) o de Resilón® es termo plastificado en cada conducto lateral. Después de obtener la imagen radiográfica se realizaron las mediciones en un analizador de imagen y los datos se analizaron estadísticamente. Resultados y conclusiones: Más allá de 2 mm de la punta del System B no se ha observado penetración de ninguna de las presentaciones comerciales de gutapercha ni de Resilón®. Se han encontrado diferencias estadísticamente significativas en relación a la obturación del conducto lateral superior (p≤0,05), siendo el Resilón® el material que más ha penetrado (AU)

Introduction and objective: The objective of the study was to compare the penetration of different commercial brands of gutta-percha and Resilon® in the lateral canals using the continuous wave technique (System B).Material and methods: We selected blocks of resin with simulated main canals, each with a lateral coronal canal and apical canal. A third lateral canal was made between these two, with the purpose of substituting the apical canal. Agutta-percha cone (Roeko®, Sybron Endo® or Maillefer®) or Resilon® was thermoplastified in each lateral canal. After obtaining the radiograph, we took measurements in an image analyser and statistically analysed the data. Results and conclusions: Beyond the 2 mm of the System B point, none of the commercial presentations of gutta-percha or Resilon® demonstrated penetration. Statistically significant differences were found as regards the obturation of the upper lateral canal (p≤0.05), with Resilon® recording the highest penetration (AU)

Análisis de los métodos de filtración / Analysis of filtration methods

Han utilizado diferentes sistemas para valorarla capacidad de sellado de los materiales de obturación en el conducto radicular. Los resultados que se obtienen son difícilmente comparables, debido a la diversidad de materiales y técnicas empleadas. Objetivos: son determinar si el proceso de la diafanización es capaz de eliminar el colorante utilizado para analizar la filtración, y si los resultados obtenidos por los métodos de diafanización y sección longitudinal son equiparables. Material y método: preparamos125raíces de un solo conducto de dientes extraídos, de los cuales se hicieron 5 grupos de 20 muestras; cada grupo fue introducido en un colorante diferente, que fueron la rhodamina, la eosina, la hematoxilina, la tinta china y el azul de metileno. La mitad de cada uno de los grupos fueron diafanizados y la otra mitad fueron seccionados longitudinalmente. Se fotografiaron las muestras y se estudian con un programa digital analizador de imágenes. Las raíces restantes se utilizaron como controles positivos y negativos. Resultados: en el método diafanizado, existen diferencias significativas al 95%, entre el azul de metileno y los demás tintes, y también entre la tinta china y los demás tintes. Entre la eosina, la rhodamina y la hematoxilina no existen diferencias significativas. En el método seccionado existen diferencias significativas al 95% entre el azul de metileno y la eosina, la hematoxilina y la rhodamina. Entre los demás tintes no hay diferencias significativas. Solo en la tinta china no existen diferencias significativas entre los resultados obtenidos entre la diafanización y la sección longitudinal (..) (AU)

Several systems have been used to assess the sealing capacity of different obturation materials in the root canal. Given the diversity of materials and techniques the results are hard to compare. The objective of the study is to determine whether the clearing process is capable of eliminating the dye used to analyse filtration, and whether the results obtained by means of clearing and longitudinal sectioning are comparable. Material and method: we prepared 125 single-canal roots from extracted teeth and divided them into 5groups of 20 samples; each group was immersed in a different dye . The dyes we used were rhodamine, eosin, hematoxylin, Indian ink and methyleneblue. Half the group underwent clearing and the other half were longitudinally sectioned. We took photographs of the samples and studied them with the help of digital image analysing software. The remaining roots were used as positive and negative controls. Results: With the clearing method we found significant differences of up to95% between methylene blue and the other dyes, and Indian ink and the other dyes. There were no significant differences between eosin, rhodamine and hematoxylin. Using the sectioning method, we observed significant differences of up to 95%between methylene blue and eosin, hematoxylin and rhodamine. There were no significant differences between the other dyes. There were (..) (AU)

Influence of humidity and setting time on the push-out strength of mineral trioxide aggregate obturations.

The aim of this study is to assess how a wet environment curing affects the retention characteristics of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and also to determine the time needed for curing. MTA obturations were carried out in perforated dentine slices and cured under different conditions (presence or absence of humidity and several time intervals). The obturations were then subjected to an increasing mechanical strength until they were displaced from the perforations. The push-out strength was determined as the ration of the dislodging force to the MTA-dentine contact surface. The influence of the different curing conditions on the push-out strength was then analyzed for statistical significance. Humidity significantly increased the push-out strength of MTA obturations. The effect of curing time depended on humidity: while in the absence of humidity the push-out strength did not increase after 3 days, in the presence of humidity a lengthening of the curing time up to 21 days produced a moderate increase over and above the large initial increase obtained in the first 3 days.

Estudio in vitro de la resistencia de la unión entre el agregado trióxido mineral y la dentina / Study in vitro of the resistance of the union between mineral trioxide aggregate and dentin

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